The Forge Trust’s policy is to use the Letters and Sounds Framework to plan for phonics. We believe that the Letters and Sounds document, published in 2007, describes ‘effective teaching and learning’.
Phonics at The Forge Trust is based on the key principle of effective teaching and learning. It provides a flexible model that gives teachers opportunities to plan and resource lessons matched to children’s learning needs and current interests whilst also ensuring all children are exposed to age-related teaching content.
We have a clear structure for teaching and learning that provides frequent opportunities for practise and consolidation alongside new learning and acknowledges the importance of building on proficiency with reading to become accurate at spelling.
We adopt a whole-class age-related approach which promotes high expectations for children to develop competency with the foundations of phonics and the basic code by the end of Reception Year and to master phonics for fluent reading by the end of Year 1.
‘Letters & Sounds’ is the government programme for teaching phonics and high frequency words.
It is split into 6 phases:
This paves the way for systematic learning of phonics and usually starts in nursery or playgroup.
Teachers plan activities that will help children to listen attentively to sounds around them, such as the sounds of their toys and to sounds in spoken language.
Teachers teach a wide range of nursery rhymes and songs. They read good books to and with the children.
This helps to increase the number of words they know – their vocabulary – and helps them talk confidently about books.
Things to try at home:
In Phase 2, they will also be taught the phonemes (sounds) for a number of letters (graphemes).
Your child will be taught how to pronounce the sounds (phonemes) correctly to make blending easier. Try to avoid saying ‘buh’, ‘cuh’ encourage your child to say the pure sound.
s  a  t  p  i  n  m  d
g  o  c  k  ck  e  u  r
h  b  f  ff  l  ll  ssÂ
and be able to read 5 tricky words…
the  to  I  no  go
They should be able to orally blend (sound talk) cvc words e.g. when you sound out c-a-t, they can tell you the word is cat, and also orally segment cvc words e.g. when you say mum, they can pick out the sounds m-u-m.
Spelling is harder than reading. During this phase they will use lots of alternatives to pencil and paper (eg magnetic letters, writing in sand, using paint)
The purpose of this phase is to teach 25 graphemes (letters) most of them comprising of two letters (e.g. oa) so the children can represent each of the 42 phonemes (sounds). Your child will continue to blend and segment for reading and spelling (e.g. pool)
j  v  w  x  y  z  zz  qu  ch
jug  van  wig  box  yes  zip  buzz  quit  rich
sh  th  ng  ai  igh  oa  oo  oo  ar
shop  moth  king  rain  high  loaf  look  moon  park
or  ur  ow  oi  ear  air  ure  er
port  burn  town  boil  hear  pair  pure  hotter
and 12 more tricky words to read…
he  she  we  me  be  was
my  you  her  they  all  are
They should now, also be able to spell the 5 tricky words from phase 2.
In Phase 4, children continue to practice previously learned graphemes and phonemes and learn how to read and write:
CVCC words: tent, damp, toast, chimp
For example, in the word ‘toast’,
t = consonant, oa = vowel, s = consonant, t = consonant.
and CCVC words: swim, plum, sport, cream, spoon
For example, in the word ‘cream’,
c = consonant r = consonant ea = vowel, m = consonant.
and 14 more tricky words are added too…
some  come  one  said  do  so  were
when  have  there  out  like  little  what
The children should now be able to write the Phase 3 tricky words. During Phase 4, sounds with adjacent consonants or initials and final blends are taught e.g. bl, dr, sc, ft, so. These can be sounded out but recognising them.
The purpose of this phase is to teach 25 graphemes (letters) most of them comprising of two letters (e.g. oa) so the children can represent each of the 42 phonemes (sounds). Your child will continue to blend and segment for reading and spelling (e.g. pool)
j  v  w  x  y  z  zz  qu  ch
jug  van  wig  box  yes  zip  buzz  quit  rich
sh  th  ng  ai  igh  oa  oo  oo  ar
shop  moth  king  rain  high  loaf  look  moon  park
or  ur  ow  oi  ear  air  ure  er
port  burn  town  boil  hear  pair  pure  hotter
and 12 more tricky words to read…
he  she  we  me  be  was
my  you  her  they  all  are
They should now, also be able to spell the 5 tricky words from phase 2.
In Phase 6, the focus is on learning spelling rules for word endings or suffixes.
They learn how words change when you add certain letters. There are 12 different suffixes taught…
The children are also expected to be able to read and write the ‘next 200 commons words’.
-s  -es  -ing  -ed
-er  -est  -y  -en
-ful  -ly  -ment  -ness
